Scientific Publications Papillotrema terrestris PT22AV
YSY® Yeast: Containment of Pathogenic Fungi and Nematodes of the Root System
Publication Date: March 20, 2026
Journal: Giornate Fitopatologiche Bologna 2026
Summary:
This article evaluates YSY®, a yeast-based biocontrol product (PT22AV), for managing soil-borne pathogens and nematodes in crops like lettuce, potato, and tomato. Across field and greenhouse trials, YSY® significantly reduced root diseases such as Rhizoctonia and Pythium, lowered nematode pressure, and improved yields, often achieving results comparable to chemical treatments—especially when integrated into standard programs . While slightly less effective than some targeted fungicides in high-pressure conditions, it consistently delivered meaningful control and enhanced performance when combined with other products. Overall, YSY® is positioned as a versatile, sustainable tool for root disease management within integrated pest management systems.
YSY® Yeast: General Overview of its Activity to Contain Pathogens and Nematodes in Multiple Agricultural Crops
Publication Date: March 20, 2026
Journal: Giornate Fitopatologiche Bologna 2026
Summary:
The article presents YSY® as a yeast-based biocontrol solution using Papiliotrema terrestris (PT22AV) that protects crops through nutrient competition, plant defense stimulation, and barrier formation. Across field and greenhouse trials, it showed strong, broad-spectrum efficacy against key pathogens and nematodes, often matching conventional chemical treatments while reducing inputs like copper and sulfur . With added biostimulant benefits and a strong safety profile, YSY® is positioned as a sustainable, IPM-compatible alternative for modern agriculture.
Crop protection is evolving toward biological precision, environmental safety and pollinator respect.
Publication Date: August 2025
Journal: BioControl (Springer)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV is a scientifically validated biocontrol solution for the management of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry during flowering. A study published in BioControl demonstrates efficacy of up to 82% under greenhouse conditions and up to 80% reduction of fruit decay in post-harvest, delivering tangible benefits in terms of extended shelf life and maintained fruit quality. YSY® is fully compatible with bees: it does not affect visitation frequency and increases visit duration by 25–31%, combining effective disease protection with full respect for pollination.
Proven Genomic Safety and Regulatory-Grade Biosafety Profile of YSY® (Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV)
Publication Date: December 11, 2024
Journal: Applied Sciences (MDPI)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV ensures a high standard of safety for both human health and the environment. The study published in Applied Sciences confirms its complete genomic characterization and the absence of genes associated with pathogenicity in humans and animals, outlining a safety profile fully compliant with agro-food applications. The integrated biosafety assessment highlights genetic stability and a robust safety profile, aligned with the most advanced regulatory requirements. YSY® therefore represents a biocontrol solution that combines proven agronomic efficacy with a multifactorial mode of action, making it ideal for anti-resistance IPM strategies while fully respecting human health and the ecosystem.
EU-Aligned Biosafety Validation of YSY® for Low-Risk Crop Protection Applications
Publication Date: 21 November 2024
Journal: BioControl (Springer)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV stands out for its high safety profile, ensuring protection for both human health and the environment. The study published in BioControl confirms its reliability through a comprehensive and structured biosafety assessment pipeline, integrating genomic analyses, physiological testing, and evaluation of key risk indicators. The results outline a profile fully aligned with European requirements for low-risk active substances, strengthening the strain’s positioning within sustainable crop protection strategies. YSY® therefore represents an effective biocontrol solution supported by solid scientific evidence and consistent with the most advanced international regulatory standards.
Validated resilience to salinity stress under greenhouse conditions
Publication Date: September 6, 2024
Journal: Plants (MDPI)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV has demonstrated a concrete ability to mitigate salinity stress. The study published in Plants confirms the strain’s high efficacy in protecting crops exposed to severe osmotic pressure, significantly contributing to plant survival and stability under high-salinity conditions. Soil microbiome analyses further reveal an active and modulatory interaction with the microbial ecosystem, strengthening its role not only as a pathogen antagonist, but as a true contributor to soil biological balance. PT22AV therefore stands out not only as an effective biocontrol agent, but also as a strategic ally for enhancing crop resilience in the face of increasing soil salinization and climate change.
Biological control of nematodes with direct yield improvement
Publication Date: May 5, 2024
Journal: Horticulturae (MDPI)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV represents an effective solution for the management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in horticultural crops. The study published in Horticulturae demonstrates that treatment with PT22AV significantly reduces nematode populations in the soil and root gall formation, achieving efficacy levels comparable to leading reference biocontrol agents. In addition to suppressing the pathogen, YSY® exhibits a marked biostimulant effect: treated plants show improved photosynthetic efficiency and yield increases of up to 38–40% compared to untreated controls. PT22AV therefore stands out as a multifunctional biocontrol solution, combining sustainable nematode management with physiological plant support and tangible productivity enhancement.
Biological Post-Harvest Protection with Papiliotrema terrestris
Publication Date: April 26, 2024
Journal: Foods
Summary:
Papiliotrema terrestris has demonstrated high efficacy in controlling post-harvest rots caused by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata in blueberry. The study published in Foods highlights that the strain’s effectiveness is linked to a multifactorial mode of action, including strong extracellular lytic enzyme activity capable of inhibiting pathogen development and enabling rapid colonization of the fruit surface. Beyond significantly reducing the incidence and severity of infections, Papiliotrema terrestris helps preserve fruit quality during storage, limiting losses and extending shelf life. Papiliotrema terrestris therefore stands out as an effective and sustainable biocontrol solution, capable of protecting the commercial value of produce during the critical post-harvest phase.
Molecular Evidence Confirms the Multifactorial Mode of Action of YSY® (Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV)
Publication Date: March 2024
Journal: Communications Biology (Nature Portfolio)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV stands out for its ability to rapidly colonize fruit wounds, competitively occupying the main pathogen entry sites and reducing their virulence. At the same time, it actively interacts with the host, contributing to the activation of the plant’s natural defense mechanisms. The study published in Communications Biology demonstrates at the molecular level that PT22AV activates specific metabolic pathways related to nutrient competition, oxidative stress management, and modulation of the biological response within the plant–pathogen system. YSY® is an effective biocontrol solution that can be fully integrated into sustainable post-harvest protection strategies.
Papiliotrema terrestris: An Innovative Source of High-Value Biological Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
Publication Date: 2023
Journal: Journal of Advanced Research (Elsevier)
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV represents an advanced microbial platform for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with high biological value. The study published in Journal of Advanced Research highlights that the EPS produced by this strain exhibit documented antibacterial and antioxidant properties, opening concrete prospects for biomedical applications. The EPS, structurally characterized and predominantly composed of mannan, also demonstrated a dose-dependent wound healing effect in vivo, promoting faster wound closure and supporting physiological tissue regeneration processes. The biologically demonstrated safety at the cellular level, together with the strain’s scalable production potential, establishes PT22AV as a robust and versatile biotechnological resource with significant potential for the development of innovative biomedical solutions.
Effective Field Protection and Guaranteed Food Safety
Publication Date: October 10, 2022
Journal: Agriculture (MDPI)
Summary:
YSY® – Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV has demonstrated up to a 97% reduction in brown rot (Monilinia fructigena) incidence in the field and up to a 91% reduction in postharvest, ensuring high-level protection throughout the entire supply chain. Beyond pathogen control, PT22AV significantly contributes to the reduction of patulin accumulation, a mycotoxin of concern for food safety and regulatory compliance. YSY® combines proven agronomic efficacy, product quality preservation, and commercial value enhancement, fully aligned with sustainable production strategies.
Papiliotrema terrestris: Beyond Conventional Biocontrol
Publication Date: June 25, 2022
Journal: Horticulturae (MDPI)
Summary:
Within the European biofungicide landscape, traditionally dominated by bacterial and fungal strains, Papiliotrema terrestris represents a meaningful evolution in microbial biocontrol. As an epiphytic yeast, it combines a strong capacity for preventive colonization with mechanisms of ecological competition and activation of plant defense responses, thereby reducing the selective pressure typically associated with synthetic fungicides and antibiosis-based products. Its multifactorial mode of action further minimizes selective pressure and allows for stable integration into advanced IPM strategies. A zero-residue solution, scientifically characterized and fully aligned with the latest regulatory and market requirements.
Papiliotrema terrestris: A New-Generation Natural Biostimulant
Publication Date: June 2022
Journal: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Summary:
Papiliotrema terrestris actively interacts with the plant, modulating key physiological and metabolic processes. Its interaction with the host influences pathways related to primary and secondary metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and adaptive mechanisms, contributing to the maintenance of the crop’s physiological balance. This translates into tangible support for plant growth and resilience under stressful environmental conditions. Papiliotrema terrestris therefore emerges as a natural biostimulant, capable of complementing biocontrol activity with a positive effect on plant vitality, fully integrating into sustainable and low-impact agricultural strategies.
Papiliotrema terrestris – The natural yeast that enhances biological processes
Publication Date: January 2021
Journal: Food Microbiology
Summary:
Papiliotrema terrestris, naturally isolated from durum wheat kernels, integrates effectively into fermentation systems in co-culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrating full technological compatibility in baking applications. P. terrestris promotes a more dynamic fermentation start-up and achieves at least equivalent final performance, maintaining dough volumes comparable to the standard system. This confirms that the introduction of the yeast actively contributes to fermentation kinetics. Compared to other non-conventional yeasts, Papiliotrema terrestris combines native origin, functional integration with S. cerevisiae, and a positive contribution to the process, positioning it as a technologically reliable natural yeast for innovative applications in the bakery and agri-food sectors.
Integrated control of blue mould in pome fruits
Publication Date: February 2011
Journal: Postharvest Biology and Technology (Elsevier)
Summary:
Papiliotrema terrestris, within an IPM strategy combined with low doses of next-generation fungicides, provides highly effective control of Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mould in pome fruits. In trials conducted on apple, the integrated approach achieved up to 98% reduction of infection, including against isolates resistant to traditional molecules, while reducing fungicide residues by 3–4 times compared to the full label dose. The strategy also enables a drastic reduction of patulin, a key mycotoxin of concern for food safety. Papiliotrema terrestris therefore represents an advanced solution for blue mould management: it overcomes the limitations of conventional chemical strategies, reduces mycotoxin-related risks for retail chains and export markets, and protects the commercial value of fruit throughout the entire post-harvest supply chain.
Papiliotrema terrestris: Superior Efficacy for the Control of Blue Mould in Pome Fruits
Publication Date: October 2005
Journal: Journal of Food Protection
Summary:
Papiliotrema terrestris (formerly classified as Cryptococcus laurentii) has demonstrated high efficacy in controlling Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mould in apple, achieving infection reductions of up to 78% in experimental trials. Integration with food-grade additives further enhances the level of protection compared to the non-formulated yeast, generating synergistic effects that strengthen its antagonistic activity. This approach allows optimization of biological performance while remaining fully aligned with food safety standards. In direct comparison with Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis, Papiliotrema terrestris stood out for its superior efficacy in controlling P. expansum on apple, confirming its value as an efficient and industrially scalable biocontrol agent for the postharvest protection of pome fruits.